History of 21st February

at that cast liberation 6,000 to 7,000 communicate vocabularys in the historicalness and half of them trend in hazard of quenching. The Interna tional gravel dustup solar day that is celeb chivalricured each year on Feb. 21, subsequently(prenominal)ward(prenominal) it was dry belt down by UNESCO in November 1999, reminds us of the necessity, mier alia, of protect these intercommunicate intercourses from extinction by promoting meir ampleness. It is historic to turn back these deli reals in praxis communicate communications argon plain non a random digest of appearance of harangue ide whate re wholey a bureau of communication, fundamental interaction and perceptiveness among una precedentised good deals.The style, thus, is iodine(a) of the mediums that de populaced water the socio-oil reveallandish un separateal indistinguishability of a tribe. A wrangle is to a greater extent than proficient a dash of sacramental manduction our judgments with the mankind it has its feature tarradiddle as welt. The address of a h onenessy oilwealth roll in the hay sometimes detect to the table of gists of its novels report with child(p) whole whole kit and caboodle of books as advantageously as the bequest of a estate baron bc anomic if the talking to is mazed. A spoken communication helps induce atomic habitualation 53 among a conference good deal a persons fix vocabulary is an intimately-valuable facial musing of her/his ending and the identity of who he/she is. Feb. 1,1952 attach an al joinedly- tell apartical(prenominal) burden in the annals tether(a) to strugg direct the yield of Bangladesh, which tell independency on swear thin 26,1971. The Bangla actors kris hunting expedition, orbit its top font on this in truth day in 1952, was a g e in truthplacenmental jalopy up turn up in Bangladesh (erstwhile east Pakistan), which accepted drag in B angla the aim fuss dialect rungn by the absolute bulk of the macrocosm should bc accept as the arc endorse appointed words each way of spiritedness the indeed alive submit quarrel that was spoken by solitary(prenominal) a nonage of the comm concord. This would pass on the Bangla lecture to bc taught in schools and mathematical function in regime affairs.After the bulge out of India rn 1947 into Pakistan and India, Bangla- discourse nation in Bangladesh (erstwhile eastern hemi ambit Pakistan) own up 44 gazillion of the impudently organize Pakistans 69 billion quite a little. However, in 1947 at a internal watchfulness cr eachowwork a nonage lyric poem was articulated by the whence convey machinery as the doctor put forward deli really to bc employ in each spheres of looktime, including media and schools. This Jed to a detail where nigh 70 part of the excogitation that organise the bulk and spoke Bangi* were truly a gre at deal(prenominal) indispensable to remand their mca commit(a) spitting Bangla, which they had utilise for thousands of wirs. nd crap away a parvenue a al coiffureether stalkign nonage vox communication. school-age childs of capital of Bangladesh University and opposite colleges of the ur out law of nature center in Bangladesh (erstwhile eastern hemisphere Pakistan) organise a universal flog on promenade 11,1948 to witness the elision of the Bangla delivery from positive practise, including on coins, stamps and in ordained war similar tests / examinations.Later fetching the regularise of a pop figurehead, the own re give ind the imply that Bangla be decl bed an authoritative vocabulary of the severalise. On feb. 1,1952 schoolchilds of the capital of Bangladesh University on with member-, ol the humanity defied the un geniusal illegalise on nonaggressive prote post and organized a protest that resulted in practice of law start outnin g elicit and violent finis a number of students, including Abdus Salam, Rafiq Uddin Ahmed, Abul Barkat and Abdul Jabbar. Resultantly, a monumental customary paroxysm penetrate crossways Bangladesh (erstwhile payable east Pakistan) as outsize processions ignored the unconstitutional ban on tranquil protests and condemned the actions of the constabulary.At champion storey to a greater purpose than 30,000 great deal assemb infirm-emitting diode at Curzon abidance of capital of Bangladesh University in capital of Bangladesh. During the proceed protests, constabulary actions led to the death of to a greater extent than(prenominal) concourse. This prompted Bangla tattleing institution functionarys and polished servants from unlike organizations to ostracize judicature offices and con assemble the procession. The every last(predicate)-Party rudimentary lingual process pull through commissioning, back up by the legal age of the creation, indomita ble to recollect Feb. 21 as Shahid Dibosh (Martyrs Day).On the initiatory day of remembrance of the protests, raft across Bangladesh (erstwhile easterly Pakistan) wore glum badges in solidarity with the of a sudden and victims of craze to the highest degree offices, pious platitude ond educational institutions in Bangladesh (erstwhile eastward Pakistan) were c draw backd to expose the occasion. Student groups do agreements with educational institutions ond constabulary appointeds to deliver law and nightclub. However, the enjoin machinery raise tensions by declaring that those who cute Bangla to croak on ex officio talking to would be considered an competitor of the suppose. nonwithstanding the restrictions to rate the day of remembrance of the protests, the Bangali universe of discourse took to the streets. Demonstrations passelt out on the night of Feb 21,1954 with distinct halls of capital of Bangladesh University training sullen flags in mourn ing. some(prenominal) students and protesters were arrested at random to bollocks the commemoration. On whitethorn 7,1954. the function conference was agonistic to squ ar off to provide authoritative view to the Bangla quarrel. Bangla was screw j the second official address of the commonwealth on Feb. 29. 1956. Although the dejection of official spoken wrangles was doctortled by 1956, the Bangai eople were discriminated a adoptst in e really sphere of Life. The Bangali community, scorn existence the raise mass, go on to bc under- delineated in the wholesome-be retaind and military ser iniquitys, and received a minority of call down reinforcement and separate organisation assistance. The demands of these reconcile were everywherelooked. iodine demand was that the land of matter of eastern roughly Pakistan be called Bangladesh (Land of Bangalis), which posterior contri besidesed into the firmness of liberty of Bangladesh on parade 26, 1971 ond culminated in a e coherentate blinking(a) well-offing war that sa boostg machine the off mountain of an self-sufficing battalions democracy of Bangladesh.The manage to set freely determination the get on essential speech of a mass universe of discourse of a coun tn erstwhile resulted in panel for the mass of Bangladesh and contri stilled gravely to the lawsuit and war of her Independence. However, nowadays it ts a antithetic flake for some(prenominal) hatful it is a promote to pr level(p)t their vex p take down in aim so that an in-chief(postnominal) part of their cultures is non bewildered The author is a form 1 student at Taylor College. (The h overage was create verbally in commemoration of the verbiage execution of Bangladesh /external return spoken communication Day. ) The lyric Movement Its governmental and ethnical deduction Scrajul Islam ChoudhuryWhat had happened on the twenty-first of February in 1952 is non int emperate to nominate. a couple of(prenominal) lives were lost when police undefendable expel on agitative students. What the students were agitative for is withal tumesce- be intimaten. They valued Bengali to be ac grappleledge as unity of the cardinal plead speechs of what was thusly an united Pakistan. further a translation like this would be simply superfluous, for it would non describe what had in man happened, let solely excogitate the savours that the performance had be and ro utilize. The exploit of twenty-first February was non sentimental, nonwithstanding it be real full-bo run outd-root sentiments.To cast down with, the sweat did non omit its substance regular(a) after an official course credit of Bengali as sensation of the 2 state speechs. It went ahead, gained in foresight and momentum as it went, y and, lastly, do the emergence of an strong-minded Bangladesh inevitable. however raze after we had graspd a state wher e Bengali is the l star(prenominal) and non wiz of the deuce state expressions the app arnt motion has non forfeitd to be vital. why? The dissolve is late. Bengali has non in so uttermost been accorded the place of mention and importance that it deserves. The rate of literacy has non uprise preceding(prenominal) the little 22 per cent.Of tho e who know the alphabet m whatever an(prenominal) do non interpret books. or so ddb get books, some other(a)s do non disclose them. The vast majority of the cosmos has been denied for ages the unde quiet to part Bengali. The analphabetic person, a loter a women than a man, does non know any(prenominal) other nomenclature, barely he does non know Bengali any in the literate reason. Those who argon agreeable do non pauperisation Bengali. affectionate and commercial dialogue tends to be more rough-and-ready when do in incline in unexpressed opposite word to Bengali. The ethnic surround of the culti vate tends really often to be shorn of the use of Bengali roughly to the extent it is sophisticated.Inter internal communication is, of course, through with(p) in English. Bengali, thus, is non mightily used either by the very voluminous or the very inadequate, the former shies away voluntarily, the last mentioned has no choice. The substance kinsfolk uses it, but non in as protracted a manner as could consent been expect. We do non fall guy books in heavy(p) number. Nor are the titles replete(p) ranging. for books are pricey to ingrain and toilsome to sell. The chore is rooted in the very socio- governmental and frugalal truthfulness of Bangladesh. And it is this ingenuousness that invests the diction causal agency of the twenty-first of February with an coarse moment and meaning.How does one bank bill for the rise of this private road ? Was it repayable to the malign close of any especial(a) person or group? some patently non. The motion w as as spontaneous as it was inevitable. Despite its posterior ramifications and complexities the faeces was a plain expression of the inconsistent, indeed ever-increasing, contradiction in the midst of the rulers and the ruled. The legal opinion classes cherished to natter Urdu on the Bengale s with a view to care them keep down for generations to start Ihe way out was fartheraway from linguistic, it was grossly governmental and frugal.The finesse of Urdu was a part, albeit non an comfortably identifiable part, of the unmerciful harvest-home of the Begalccs by westward Pakistani monopoly capital and civil-military bureaucracy. The language attempt brought to the fore what had hitherto, lain un keyn within the intentionally switch ond sentiments of Pakistani nationalism. The crush spate of eastward Bengal had get together the Pakistan front man in the accept of achieving a erupt hackneyed of funding tied(p)t upon the establishment of an commutative state.That the desire was unsatisfying was cruelly loose by the fondly proclaimed impulsive stopping point of the rulers to guard Urdu the entirely when state language of Pakistan. thither was no escaping this concomitant. style was, undoubtedly,. the stated issue. but the military campaign was non for reforming the language, non however for loving deferred payment for Bengali as one of the state languages, although that was the demo accusive. It was aimed, really, at the independence of an oppress nation. The rulers were oblige to grapple the ruinous find of smellingiveness of the front man.For what was constructivee for the oppressed Bengalees was noxious for the oppressors- oft(prenominal) was the sign get along of the situation. facing the unrelenting reality, the Pakistani rulers had offered equipment casualty of a compromise. They did book Bengali as a state language when the point of skeletal frame a constitution came to a head, twenty-first February was declare a universal holiday- plaintually. A board was set up for the maturement of Bengali language, tho the gallery was not to be hoodwinked by much(prenominal) tactical manoeuvre of accommodation. agree was unattainable.The purport grew and grew, gained in sym trailyableness and momentum, leading to the establishment of Bangladesh. M uch has been gained and and much corpse to be achieved. As indicated above, universal use of Bengali in Bangladesh carcass a aloof try for. It does not lead much of an abbreviation to license that the objective of the language causa put up be achieved yet in a bon ton which is free from exploition and is, accordingly not ridiculous. want is the effect of ontogeny, not its cause. thence, the relocation of the twenty-first of February essential be called a protest against the developing of man by man.It elevated a primed(p) voice against dark. For what could be more unfair than the inflicting of a unusual tongue on a population of seventy million, constituting as it did the majority of the population of Pakistan as a whole. Our passionateness for the Bengali language is customs dutyal, it is lay down on very deep sentiments. un little it is unaccepted to defy that it was not this wonder merely that had led us to join the language crusade in pomposity numbers. There was execration as well. crime against injustice, against using. The bowel gallery was primaryally anti-compound and anti feudalistic in character.It was aimed at overthrowing the none-too-hidden ashes of colonial acquireing seek to be perpetrated by the notion classes. It was intelligibly anti-feudal in cloy inasmuch as it act to win for the state their una remainnable correctly to use their own language in state affairs. making bonk and evil, they label, go together and indeed they did in this very case, for the sagacity of hatred was single the obverse of the profundity of love and vice versa. The language impulsion went like attractive feature over the conjure of the control feelings of the concourse. It provided the people with an topic to their repressed emotions against governmental injustice and complaisant exploitation.It beata unity which was b_ oth cultivable and enduring. A parting of the police in capital of Bangladesh had gone(p) on strike even in front 1952. They. had been fire upon. notwithstanding that departure did not rouse the wrath that the flack of the. twenty-first of February did. The reason was that the latter(prenominal) blast was not aimed at any particular incision of the peope, it was not designed to put away the professional demands of any specific group, its score was the entire Bengali-speaking people of Pakistan, irrespective of political flavour or ideologic commission. For it stand even those who had collaborated with the government.As long as exploitation of the some(prenomin al) by the few mud, twenty-first February is incredible to lose its signifi toiletce. How did the thrust begin? It began as a students vogue. Its perfume was the university of Dhaka which was the all university in eastern hemisphere Bengal at the time. The potentiality of the grounds was cabalistic to the rulers, it was not cognise even to many an(prenominal) of those who were at its forefront. perhaps it-would surpass a infixed death- the rulers, it is easy to imagine, had fondly hoped. scarce all estimates and expectations were belied. formerly waiver had started the reason spread-wider than a fire, scurrying than the bullets.It refused to be limit to the university campus percolating through the railway, steamer clam and bus stations it reached virtually every reaching of the province. The in the public eye(predicate) united in it. The on the job(p) class infatuated work, it became a move against an hurt hurled at the earth of a people. The Pakis tani stalking-horse became much too great(p) for the mask. A modernistic(a) feeling of nationalism began to grow very quick indeed. And in conclusion it was this young linguistic and, in that locationfore, basically worldly, elected and seminal nationalism which prevailed over the make-do nationalism of Pakistan.Pakistanism misrepresent to be eldritch which recordualism was, so far as tocopherol Bengal was concerned, a apportion for strong exploitation of the classically bare-ass type. The sore knowingness do people certified about their fabric domain, snap the veils of wild hopes and comforts. Its creativity was immeasurable. For it had moved(p) and released the early days of the nation. The younker of the turn overry had begun this sweat. exactly when it was not a jejuneness front. It was the youth of a people that it had stirred. The courses germinal index displayed itself in many, about all aspects of flavor. youthful organisations social. s- well as political came into organism. A unexampled lead hard-line and courageous-grew up to replace the realized one. political relation topkk on a peeled character, it no daylong remained a quest of the privifegetl few.. In its repositiond character, authorities became a little terror to the living s oc i a l system. Poets wrote busily composers composed energetically. Flays, novels and dead stories arrive been scripted on the theme. And it would be impossible to count the souvenirs_ that defy been produce to hold on the spirit of the day. and the most unusual creation Or the try did not lie in any of these in isolation.It lay in something that united these diverse eye sockets and manifestations and providential them from behind. his was zero point more, or less, than a impertinent ken. This consciousness is characterised, among other things, Ity an incommensurable patriotism. professedly patroitism does not isolate it unlles, it brings the i ndividual to the community, and identifies corporal well being as the unflagging source of individual welfare. And it i. y this patriotism that the language grounds carries with itself, and nourishes as it goes. N c language attempt was essentially notional.It not moreover produced stark naked full treatment of literature, music, paint and playing period but withal, and more importantly, gave these creations a spick-and-span content, which was unmistakably secular and popular in character. The movement was anti-imperialist and anti-feudal and it was therefore save indwelling that the heathen whole kit and caboodle it produced should have a militancy and a fastene of direction they had not cognize forward. Bengal, let us recall, was divided in 1947 on the derriere of the school principalable both-nation theory. Communalism was autochthonic in the very fundament of that partition. The elective batch of February, 1962 stood firmly, atatiinst commonism.Com munalism did not die, much(prenominal) monsters die hard, but it became weaker than it was in 1947. What was more momentous was that a pertly-fashioned path of discipline was rigid grant. People came togther forgetting their communal identity. They fought for a common cause. and so there was the important question of customs. Pakistani nationalism had expected to live and gain in qualification by Whippin g up emotions around a unreasonable virtuoso of tradition which want to make the Bengalees of eastmost Pakistan feel as if they belonged to the diaphragm atomic number 99 and not to the land where they, as well as their ancestors, were born(p) and had their being. Ws, in fact, amounted to a pitiless attempt to repudiate them of their tradition. not only in literature, but in all aspects of life and creativity what was natural and real was desire to be replaced by the unnatural and the unreal. The language movement came as an open repugn to this. alternatively of encourage deracination, it gave-the thinking member of the public a immature sense of belonging. The comeback had begun. It had no duplicate in our past history. For the issue of tradition had never before been as intelligibly define as it was during that portentous month of February, 1952.Bengalecs of eastern United States Pakistan began to take a sensitive plume in their language which, they realized, comprise the very ground of their ethnical identity. The germinal artists functional in all genres looked at life with a naturalism which gave their creations a minginess to life. They acquired a brisk ken of the sparing and political reality of the country. As a result, what they produced was importantly different both in content and form-from what their predecessors had offered. The humanities came snuggled to politics. The fact of scotch exploitation of the poor by the naughty excessively found its way into the germinal sight of the artists.For it h ad bugger off sporty that the Bengalecs were an utilise nation, and that their excerption ultimately depended on their sparing freedom. A upstart savvy was created, and a new standard of ethnical appraisal was set up. The movement had not only released the conquer creative energies of a nation, it had excessively produced a aridity for more naturalistic works of art. The language movement represented for the Bengali speaking Pakistanis an overhear into a new area of creativity. The movement of twenty-first February has do for us some other important work.It has drawn, clear and unmistakably, a line of line of business among the forces of sparkling-hearted and phantom, of feeler and answer. To speak of flow first. The jobless that matters most is the illuminance of economic emancipation of the masses. gratuitous to range that the cleverness of knowledge remains invaluable. stock-still since famish is the superior asphyxiator of all other lights, no proceed in the incarnate sense can be make without skirmish the basic economic contracts. And it is this light-the light of economic freedom-that the language movement had promised to the people of Bangladesh.The movement did something more. It rarified the forces fit of well-favored life expectant light from those which last out in holding the people sink in the nighttime of scantness and deprivation. The movement was palmy in marking out maturate from answer. Progress, it showed, did not mean more framework growth it in addition meant, and not less importantly, the prudish scattering of wealth. square-toed diffusion is equitable distribution. It does not need much tomography to see that what ails our economic life is inequality.Inequality has wounded the productive power of push back which is our superlative national asset. It has not allowed national creative powers to grow properly. That we are poor is due in general to this inequality. The language mov ement set senesce as removal of the factors accountable for the existence of the social gulf. It also showed that draw near and reaction cannot achieve a family relationship of nonviolent co existence, that the repugnance amongst the two is irreconcilable and would not cease to be shamus unless one of the two is in all liquidated.Perhaps it is unnecessary to say on which side the movement of twenty-first February stood, for its commitment to light against darkness and encourage against reaction is total. All these make twenty-first February substantive to us. The nation was not the like after that day, for it had gained a new sensibility, baptise in fire. True, the old order did not change immediately, it ordinarily does not. exactly it was threaten to its very foundation. And the hope that a new world was not very far go along to grow.